There are ways to non-destructively test for cracks and voids in various structural elements. Planes already go through very stringent inspection and maintenance cycles so various physical factors will already have a well-established baseline to compare to.
Some speculation; the damage may be far less than you’d think. Aircraft are (generally) designed to fail gracefully and the front landing gear is a mechanism that sees a lot of force during landing. I can’t tell if the assembly folds back into the landing gear bay or if it penetrates the fuselage without collapsing.
A whole sack of shit went wrong if the fuselage fell directly onto the gear assembly but if the landing gear “simply” folded back into the bay it could be a relatively easy repair. Airframe loading is extremely well-characterized and engineers are already running the numbers on what forces went where.
All that said; fuck McDonnell-Douglas. Boeing “acquired” them back in the 90s. Somehow the MDD board of directors (comprised of businessmen) took over leadership roles formerly held by people with engineering backgrounds. A lot of the failures and poor reputation Boeing has suffered in the past few decades are very likely related to that leadership change.









Judging from pictures it does appear to retract forward. Makes sense to me considering the forces the landing gear would experience. If the hydraulic deployment mechanism were to fail midair you can still manually deploy it from the cockpit and it will fall and lock into place.